87.504 Bolstead TOC

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Paul Bolstad (http://paulbolstad.net):
GIS Fundamentals: A First Text on Geographic Information Systems, 3rd edition
is now available for $38.75 at the bookstore, and at http://www.atlasbooks.com.
ISBN: 978-0-9717647-2-9
LCCN: 2005901634

GIS Fundamentals is a complete, readable, inexpensive, and widely adopted textbook for introductory GIS courses.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: An Introduction to GIS
- Introduction
  - What is a GIS
  - GIS: A Ubiquitous Tool
  - Why Do We Need GIS
  - GIS in Action
  - Geographic Information Science
- GIS Components
  - Hardware for GIS
  - GIS Software
  - ArcG IS
  - GeoMedia
  - Mapinfo
  - Idrisi
  - ERDAS
  - AUTOCAD MAP
  - Microimages
  - Manifold
- GIS in Organizations
  - Summary
  - The Structure of This Book
Chapter 2: Data Models
- Introduction
  - Coordinate Data
  - Attribute Data and Types
- Common Spatial Data Models
  - Vector Data Models
  - The Spaghetti Vector Model
  - Topological Vector Models
  - Vector Features and Attribute Tables
- Raster Data Models
  - Models and Cells
  - Raster Features and Attribute Tables
  - A Comparison of Raster and Vector Data Models
  - Conversion between Raster and Vector Models
- Triangulated Irregular Networks
  - Multiple Models
  - Object Data Models
- Data and File Structures
  - Binary and ASCII Numbers
  - Pointers
  - Data Compression
  - Common File Formats
- Summary
Chapter 3: Map Projections and Coordinate Systems
- Introduction
  - Early Measurements
  - Specifying the Ellipsoid
  - The Geoid
  - Geographic Coordinates, Latitude, and Longitude
  - Horizontal Datums
  - Vertical Datums
  - Control Accuracy and Maintenance
- Map Projections and Coordinate Systems
  - Common Map Projections in GIS
  - The State Plane Coordinate System
  - Universal Transverse Mercator Coordinate System
  - Continental and Global Projections
  - Conversion Among Coordinate Systems
  - The Public Land Survey System
- Summary
Chapter 4: Data Sources and Data Entry
- Building a GIS Database
  - Introduction
  - Hardcopy Maps
  - Map Scale
  - Map Generalization
  - Map Media
  - Map Boundaries and Spatial Data
- Digitizing: Coordinate Capture
  - On-screen Digitizing
  - Hardcopy Map Digitization
  - Characteristics of Manual Digitizing
  - The Digitizing Process
  - Digitizing Errors, Node and Line Snapping
  - Reshaping: Line Smoothing and Thinning
  - Scan Digitizing
  - Editing Geographic Data
  - Features Common to Several Layers
- Coordinate Surveying
- Coordinate Transformation
  - Control Points
  - Control Point Sources: Surveying
  - GPS Control Points
  - Control Points from Existing Maps and Digital Data
  - The Affine Transformation
  - Other Coordinate Transformations
  - Raster Geometry and Resampling
  - Map Projection vs. Transformation
- Metadata: Data Documentation
- Summary
Chapter 5: The Global Positioning Systems
- GPS Basics
  - GPS Broadcast Signals
  - GPS Range Distances
  - Positional Uncertainty
  - Sources of Range Error
  - Satellite Geometry and Dilution of Precision
- Differential Correction
  - Real-Time Differential Positioning
  - WAAS and Satellite-based Corrections
- GPS Applications
  - Field Digitization
  - Field Digitizing Accuracy and Efficiency
  - Rangefinder Integration
  - GPS Tracking
- Summary
Chapter 6: Aerial and Satellite Images
- Introduction
- Basic principles
- Aerial Photographs
  - Primary Uses of Aerial Photographs
  - Photographic Film
  - Camera Formats and Systems
  - Digital Aerial Cameras
  - Geometric Quality of Aerial Photographs
  - Terrain and Tilt Distortion in Aerial Images
  - System Errors: Media, Lens, and Camera Distortion
  - Stereo Photographic Coverage
  - Geometric Correction of Aerial Photographs
  - Photointerpretation
- Satellite Images
  - Basic Principles of Satellite Image Scanners
  - High Resolution Satellite Systems
  - SPOT
  - Landsat
  - AVHRR
  - MODIS
  - Other Systems
  - Satellite Images in GIS
  - Aerial Photographs or Satellite Images in GIS: Which to Use
  - Image Sources
- Summary
Chapter 7: Digital Data
- Introduction
- National and Global Digital Data
- Digital Data for the United States
  - National Spatial Data Infrastructure
  - Digital Raster Graphics
  - Digital Line Graphs
  - Digital Elevation Models
  - Digital Orthophoto Quadrangles
  - Hydrologic Data
  - National Wetlands Inventory
  - Digital Soils Data
  - Digital Floodplain Data
  - Digital Census Data
  - The Modifiable Areal Unit Problem
  - National Land Cover Data
- Summary
Chapter 8: Attribute Data and Tables
- Introduction
  - Database Components and Characteristics
  - Physical, Logical, and Conceptual Structures
  - Non-relational Databases
  - Relational Databases
  - Hybrid Database Designs in GIS
- Selection Based on Attributes
  - The Restrict Operator: Table Queries
- Normal Forms in Relational Databases
  - Keys and Functional Dependencies
  - The First and Second Normal Forms
  - The Third Normal Form
  - Object-Relational Data Models
  - Trends in Spatial DBMS
- Summary
Chapter 9: Basic Spatial Analysis
- Introduction
  - Input, Operations, and Output
  - Scope
- Selection and Classification
  - Set Algebra
  - Boolean Algebra
  - Spatial Selection Operations
  - Classification
- Dissolve
- Proximity Functions and Buffering
  - Buffers
  - Raster Buffers
  - Vector Buffers
- Overlay
  - Raster Overlay
  - Vector Overlay
  - Clip, Intersect, and Union: Special Cases of Overlay
  - A Problem in Vector Overlay
- Network Analysis
  - Geocoding
  - Summary
Chapter 10: Topics in Raster Analysis
- Introduction
- Map Algebra
- Local Functions
  - Logical Operations
  - Reclassification
  - Nested Functions
  - Overlay
- Neighborhood Functions
  - Cost Surfaces
- Summary
Chapter 11 Terrain Analysis
- Introduction
  - Slope and Aspect
  - Hydrologic Functions
  - Viewsheds
  - Shaded Relief Maps
- Summary
Chapter 12: Spatial Estimation: Interpolation, Prediction, and Core Area Delineation
- Introduction
- Sampling
  - Sampling Patterns
- Spatial Interpolation Methods
  - Nearest Neighbor Interpolation
  - Fixed Radius - Local Averaging
  - Inverse Distance Weighted Interpolation
  - Splines
- Spatial Prediction
  - Spatial Regression
  - Trend Surface and Simple Spatial Regression
  - Kriging and Co-Kriging
- Core Area Mapping
  - Mean Center and Mean Circle
  - Convex Hulls
  - Kernel Mapping
- Summary
Chapter 13: Spatial Models and Modeling
- Introduction
- Cartographic Modeling
  - Designing a Cartographic Model
  - Weightings and Rankings
  - Rankings Within Criteria
  - Weighting Among Criteria
  - Cartographic Models: a Detailed Example
  - Spatio-temporal Models
  - Cell Based Models
  - Agent-based modeling in a Cellular Environment
  - Example 1: Process-based Hydrologic Models
  - Example 2: A Stochastic Model of Forest Change
  - LANDIS: A Forest Succession Model
  - LANDIS Design Elements
- Summary
Chapter 14: Data Standards and Data Quality
- Introduction
  - Spatial Data Standards
- Data Accuracy
  - Documenting Spatial Data Accuracy
  - Positional Accuracy
  - A Standard Method for Measuring Positional Accuracy
  - Test Points
  - Accuracy Calculations
  - Errors in Linear or Area Features
  - Attribute Accuracy
  - Error Propagation in Spatial Analysis
- Summary
Chapter 15: New Developments in GIS
- Introduction
- GPS
  - Mobile Real-time Mapping
- Improved Remote Sensing
- Internet Mapping
- Visualization
- Open GIS
  - Open Standards for GIS
  - Open Source GIS
- Summary

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